Natural Iron Oxide Pigments Dyes Natural Iron Oxide Pigment is formed from one or more ferrous or ferric oxide and many other impurities such as clay, manganese or organics. The most important source of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments is Hematite, which is a oxide of iron having red color. The color of hematite varies from yellow to brown, such as siennas, umbers and ochers. But, these pigments can also be derived from another iron ore, i.e. Magnetite having a black color. The main characteristics of natural iron oxide pigments are: these are light fast, non bleeding, nontoxic and weather resistant. Uses of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments Natural Iron Oxide Pigments have various unique properties so these pigments are used for various purposes that include: coloring of concrete block, outdoor paintings and in other construction materials. The maximum mining and procession of natural iron oxide is done in USA. Pigments are used in paints, wood and paper stains, linoleum, oilcloth, mortar, plaster, rubber, brick, and other pigmented materials. Estimated World Production of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments (Metric tons) The leading producer countries of these pigments are: India, Cyprus, Iran, France, Italy and Australia.
CountryYr.2001Yr.2002Yr.2003Yr.2004Yr.2005
Austria5,0005,0005,0004,0004,000
Brazil2,0002,0002,0002,0002,000
Cyprus7,8008,20011,90012,00012,000
France1,0001,0001,0001,0001,000
Germany400419429400400
Honduras70941719000710007100071000
India3550036000365003600036000
Italy10002300230025002500
Pakistan500500500500500
Paraguay300300250250250
South Africa852252512512555
United States61500WWWWSource: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program
Sources of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments
*.Magnetite- Fe3O4(brown to black)
*.Goethite- FeOOH.xH2O (yellow)
*.Hematite- Fe2O3(red)
*.Lepidocrocite- FeOOH.xH2O (yellow)
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